Simple Japanese Phrases

Greetings

Good morning - ohayou, ( adding Gozaimasu makes it more polite.)

Good afternoon - konnichiwa. ( konnichiwa also means Hi or Hello.)

Good evening - konbanwa

What`s up? - nanika atta

How`s everything? - dou shiteru

What`s new? - kawatta koto aru

I`m back (home). - tadaima

I`m leaving. - itte kimasu

Partings

See you. - dewa mata

Take care. - kiwotsukete ( pronounce as, kyotskete )

Good night. - oyasuminasai

Goodbye. - sayounara ( take note that, you can say this word only if you cannot met again that  person on that day. Mata ne, is the best word to say, if your going to see him again.)

Sleep tight. - gussuri oyasumi

Sweet dreams. - yoi yume o

Have a nice day. - yoi ichinichi o

Good Luck. - gokouun o inorimasu

Emergency

Help! - tasukete

cherry blossom in wikipedia    

Pickpocket! - suri da

Robber! - goutou

Thief! - dorobou

Fire! - kaji da

Freeze! - ugoku na

Duck! - fusero

Run! - hashire

Stop! - tomare

Wait! - matte

Praising Intelligence

Smart - atama ii

Clever - kashikoi

Genius - tensai teki

Praising Appearance

Pretty - kirei

Cute - kawaii

Beautiful - utsukushii

Attractive - miryoku teki

Adorable - aikurushii

Praising Characteristics

Kind - shinsetsu
Friendly - shitashimiyasui
Pleasant - kanji ga yoi
Cheerful - akarui
Sweet - yasashii
Cool - kakkoii
Good person - hito ga ii
Amusing - omoshiroi

Useful Expressions

Thanks - doumo

Sorry - gomennasai

And? - soshite

So? - sorede

Anytime - itsudemo

Anything - nandemo

Ready - junbi dekita

Guess - atete mite